At 03:23 PM 1/24/2002 -0500, you wrote: >What prompts the computer to >switch from open loop to closed loop? Does it stay in open loop >until it receives signals from the O2 sensor or is it prompted by >some other input that the engine is warm enough to run in closed >loop operation? My be I should let DB answer that, but I think that the output of the O2 sensor will "tell" the computer if its ready to function or not. But even if the car cannot run on closed loop, there usually are some "limp home" modes that allow the engine to run reasonably well, even though emissions suffer. Remember, the main reason for the engine to run in closed loop is to keep the catalyst happy (which requires a very accurate control of AF ratio)... D^2